Orissa High Court in Dr. Kanishka Das vs. Union of India and others W.P.(C) No. 14616/2021, on October 4, 2024affirming that fact-finding inquiries are administrative processes aimed at gathering relevant information. The court emphasized that such inquiries are preliminary and not penal, which means they do not require the same procedural safeguards as disciplinary inquiries, such as granting a hearing or allowing cross-examination. The court noted that fact-finding inquiries can be conducted ex-parte, allowing them to proceed without the participation of the concerned employee.
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